Asset development requires long-term contracts with some degree of pricing certainty. But those contracts often retain residual commodity risk from seasonality, location basis, and timing elements -- not to mention intermittency.
Financial firms, insurers, and advisers have developed products to mitigate these risks.
Whether fixed-price physical offtake agreements, financial (swaps) or options, a variety of pricing methodologies can result in a broad outcome of financial performance.
The papers below focus on the impact of intermittency on PPA performance.